Page 38 - grammar_book-1 unit web edition

GRAMMAR BOOK

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORM

Affirmative Negative
I I
He He
She She
’d
It (had) been sleeping. It hadn’t been sleeping.
We We (had not)
You You
They They
Question
Had I been sleeping?
Had he been sleeping?
Had she been sleeping? What had she been doing?
Had it been sleeping? Why had you been crying?
Had you been sleeping? Where had they been going?
Had we been sleeping? How long had he been sleeping?
Had they been sleeping?

KULLANIM

A) Geçmişte bahsedilmiş belirli zamana kadar geçen süreyi ifade ederken kullanılır.

➠ George and Mandy had been dating for three years when they decided to get married.

Bu geçen süre önemli bir ayrıntı olduğu için “for three years” zaman ifadesi kullanılmıştır.
Bu kullanımda, Past Perfect Continuous Tense “for” ve “since” ile birlikte kullanılabilir. Zaman ifadelerinin
kullanılmadığı durumlar da vardır. Bu durumlarda olayın kendisine vurgu yapılmıştır.

➠ She looked very tired, so she had been working (since that morning).
➠ By the time the guard noticed the leakage, the fuel had been flowing from the pipe (for hours).
➠ When Zoe felt the painful blisters on her feet, she had been walking (for over an hour).

B) Geçmişte bahsedilmiş belirli zamandan kısa süre önce tamamlanmış ancak etkileri hala hissedilmekte
olan eylemleri ifade ederken kullanılır.
➠ Last night, when I went home, Joel looked upset. He had been crying because he had had a quarrel with
Mandy.

Bu kullanımda bu yapı daha önceki bölümlerde bahsettiğimiz Present Perfect Continuous Tense kullanımına
benzer.
➠ When I came home, my mom was watching a touchy movie and her eyes were red. I thought that she had
been crying.

➠ When I saw him, he was out of his breath and I understood that he had been running.

36 www . englishexampoint .com